The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is about a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. Tom Sawyer accompanies Huckleberry Finn to the graveyard at night, where they witness a trio of body snatchers getting into a fight. When one of the men is killed, they overhear the murderer's plans to bury a box of treasure. What follows is a an adventure of a lifetime, as Tom and Huck search for the hidden treasure.

Twain named his fictional character after a San Francisco fireman whom he met in June 1863. The real Tom Sawyer was a local hero, famous for rescuing 90 passengers after a shipwreck. The two remained friendly during Twain's three-year stay in San Francisco, often drinking and gambling together. Tom Sawyer appears in three other novels by Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894), and Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896).